电动扭矩扳手使用过程中需要用到紧固件,下面来看下都有哪些紧固件:
Fasteners are required during the use of the main electric torque wrench. Here are the fasteners:
(1) 品种的选择原则
(1) Selection principle of varieties
① 从加工、装配的工作效率考虑,在同一机械或工程内,应尽量减少使用紧固件的品种;
① Considering the working efficiency of processing and assembly, the variety of fasteners used in the same machinery or project shall be minimized;
② 从经济考虑,应优先选用商品紧固件品种。
② In terms of economy, the variety of commercial fasteners shall be preferred.
③ 根据紧固件预期的使用要求,按型式、机械性能、精度和螺纹等方面确定选用品种。
③ According to the expected use requirements of fasteners, the selected varieties shall be determined according to the type, mechanical properties, accuracy and thread.
(2) 型式
(2) Type
① 螺栓
① Bolt
a) 一般用途螺栓:品种很多,有六角头和方头之分。六角头螺栓应用更普通,按制造精度和产品质量分为A、B、C等产品等级,以A和B级应用更多,并且主要用于重要的、装配精度高以及受较大冲击、振动或变载荷的地方。六角头螺栓按其头部支承面积大小及安装位置尺寸,可分为六角头与大六角头两种;头部或螺杆有带孔的品种供需要锁紧时采用。方头螺栓的方头有较大的尺寸和受力表面,便于扳手口卡住或靠住其他零件起止转作用,常用在比较粗糙的结构上,有时也用于T型槽中,便于螺栓在槽中松动调整位置。见GB8、GB5780~5790等。
a) General purpose bolts: there are many varieties, including hexagonal head and square head. Hexagon head bolts are the most common. They are divided into product grades A, B and C according to manufacturing accuracy and product quality. Grade A and B are the most widely used, and are mainly used in important places with high assembly accuracy and subject to large impact, vibration or variable load. According to the size of head bearing area and installation position, hexagon head bolts can be divided into hexagon head and large hexagon head; There are varieties with holes on the head or screw for locking. The square head of the square head bolt has a large size and stress surface, which is convenient for the wrench mouth to clamp or rely on other parts to stop rotation. It is often used in rough structures and sometimes in T-shaped grooves, so as to facilitate the loosening and adjustment of the bolt in the groove. See GB8, gb5780 ~ 5790, etc.
b) 铰制孔用螺栓:使用时将螺栓紧密镶入铰制孔内,以防止工件错位,见GB27等。
b) Bolt for reaming hole: when in use, the bolt shall be tightly inserted into the reamed hole to prevent workpiece dislocation, see GB27, etc.
c) 止转螺栓: 有方颈、带榫之分,见GB12~15等;
c) Anti rotation bolt: it can be divided into square neck and tenon, see gb12 ~ 15, etc;
d) 特殊用途螺栓:包括T型槽用螺栓、活节螺栓和地脚螺栓。T型槽用螺栓多用于需经常拆开连接的地方;地脚螺栓用于水泥基础中固定机架或电机底座。见GB798、GB799等;
d) Special purpose bolts: including T-groove bolts, movable joint bolts and anchor bolts. T-groove bolts are mostly used in places that need to be disassembled and connected frequently; Anchor bolts are used to fix the frame or motor base in the cement foundation. See gb798, gb799, etc;
e)钢结构用高强度螺栓连接副:一般用于建筑、桥梁、塔架、管道支架及起重机械等钢结构的摩擦型连接的场合,见GB3632等。
e) High strength bolt connection pair for steel structure: generally used for friction connection of steel structures such as buildings, bridges, towers, pipe supports and hoisting machinery. See gb3632, etc.
② 螺母
② Nut
a) 一般用途螺母:品种很多,有六角螺母,方螺母等。六角螺母配合六角螺栓应用更普遍,按制造精度和产品质量分为A、B、C级等产品等级。六角薄螺母在防松装置中用作副螺母,起锁紧作用,或用于螺纹连接副主要承受剪切力的地方。六角厚螺母多用于经常拆卸的连接中。方螺母与方头螺栓配用,扳手卡住不易打滑,多用于粗糙、简单的结构。见GB41、GB6170~6177等;
a) General purpose nuts: there are many kinds, including hexagonal nuts, square nuts, etc. Hexagon nut and hexagon bolt are most commonly used. They are divided into Grade A, B and C according to manufacturing accuracy and product quality. Hexagon thin nut is used as auxiliary nut in the locking device for locking, or where the threaded connection pair mainly bears shear force. Hexagon thick nuts are mostly used in connections that are often disassembled. The square nut is matched with the square head bolt. It is not easy to slip when the wrench is stuck. It is mostly used for rough and simple structures. See gb41, gb6170 ~ 6177, etc;
b) 开槽螺母:主要指六角开槽螺母,即在六角螺母上方加工出槽。它与螺杆带孔螺栓和开口销配合使用,以防止螺栓与螺母相对转动,见GB6178~6181等;
b) Slotted nut: it mainly refers to hexagon slotted nut, that is, the groove is processed above the hexagon nut. It is used in conjunction with threaded bolts with holes and cotter pins to prevent the relative rotation of bolts and nuts. See gb6178 ~ 6181, etc;
c) 锁紧螺母:指具有锁紧功能的螺母,有尼龙嵌件六z角锁紧螺母和全金属六角锁紧螺母等。六角尼龙圈锁紧螺母具有非常可靠的防松能力,在使用温度-60~+100℃和一定的介质条件下,具有不损坏螺栓及被连接件和可以频繁装卸等有点。见GB889、GB6182~6187等;
c) Lock nut: refers to the nut with locking function, including nylon insert hexagon Z lock nut and all metal hexagon lock nut. Hexagon nylon ring lock nut has very reliable anti loosening ability. Under the service temperature of - 60 ~ + 100 ℃ and certain medium conditions, it has the advantages of not damaging bolts and connected parts and can be loaded and unloaded frequently. See gb889, gb6182 ~ 6187, etc;
d) 特殊用途螺母:如蝶形螺母、盖形螺母、滚花螺母和嵌装螺母等。蝶形螺母一般不用工具即可拆装,通常用于需经常拆开和受力不大的地方;盖形螺母用在端部螺扣需要罩盖的地方。见GB62、GB63、GB802、GB923、GB806、GB807、GB809等。
d) Special purpose nuts: such as butterfly nuts, cap nuts, knurled nuts and embedded nuts. Butterfly nuts can be disassembled without tools. They are usually used where they need to be disassembled frequently and bear little force; Cap nuts are used where the end studs need to be covered. See gb62, gb63, gb802, gb923, gb806, gb807, gb809, etc.
③ 螺钉
③ Screw
a) 机器螺钉:因头型和槽形不同而分成许多品种。头型有圆柱头、盘头、沉头和半沉头几种,头部槽形一般为开槽(一字槽)、十字槽和内六角槽三种。
a) Machine screw: it is divided into many varieties due to different head and groove shapes. The head types include cylindrical head, pan head, countersunk head and semi countersunk head. The head groove shapes are generally slotted (slotted groove), cross groove and hexagonal groove.
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